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XC32-425 For devices that have a single shadow register set two total register sets , the startup code did not initialize the Global Pointer GP register in the shadow register set. S file and adding it to your project or by changing the linker script to map the. They can also be used to select conditional blocks of code using directives such as ifdef, endif.

Move From Coprocessor 0. You will also need to patch the GCC source to disable the license checking, see in the next chapter.

MPLAB XC32/XC32 Compiler PRO Dongle License

MPLAB XC32 Compiler v1. For more information on these tools, see the and the. As described in the user's guides, all of the language tools are sensitive to letter case on the command line, including the case of file names. C filename extension is used, the compiler assumes that the file is a C++ file. Microchip recommends the lower-case. Similarly, the compilation driver passes a file with an upper-case. S filename extension through the C preprocessor before passing it to the assembler, but it passes a file with a lower-case. The source for the tools under the GNU GPL may be downloaded separately from the Microchip WWW web page. You may read the GNU GPL in the file named COPYING3. GPL located the docs subdirectory of your install directory. A general discussion of principles underlying the GPL may be found at. Support code provided for the header files, linker scripts, and runtime libraries are proprietary code and not covered under the GPL. See the full MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler for PIC32 MCUs License Agreement for details. It may also run on Microsoft Windows 8. PIC32MZ devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. MEC14xx devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. PIC32MM devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. MGC34xx devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. Floating-Point Unit FPU devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. PIC32WK devices require MPLAB ® XC32 Compiler v1. You may also use MPLAB IDE v8. Important: Building an MPLAB XC32 C++ project and debugging C++ code requires MPLAB X IDE v1. For detailed installation instructions, please see the. This section is intended to provide a brief overview. Visit for more information on free and paid compiler licenses for C and C++. On the final screen of the installer, you will be presented with several web links that you can use to activate your license. If using the compiler with MPLAB X IDE, be sure to install MPLAB X IDE v1. MPLAB X may not be able to automatically locate the installation if it is not installed into the default directory. They may be installed in the compiler's doc subdirectory, but you should check for the latest revisions. See for a full list of devices. An application built for PIE will be position independent but self contained. In a PIE application, every global symbol is accessed via a Global Offset Table GOT. This table maps symbol references to absolute addresses. To build a PIE, build the application project with the -mgen-pie-static xc32-gcc option. Pass this option to xc32-gcc when compiling, assembling, and linking. This feature requires a runtime ELF loader, which runs on the target device. More details on Position-Independent Embedded Executables and the required runtime ELF Loader will be available on the Microchip website after the release of XC32 v1. This release was intended for early adopters of new PIC32 MCUs only. See for a full list of devices. This LibC implementation offers improved functionality for stdio functions such as printf and scanf. This library has been enhanced to support XC32's Smart IO v2 feature. In addition, this LibC implementation offers a more robust malloc algorithm including anti-fragmentation and improved locality mechanisms. If you wish to use the same LibC from earlier XC32 releases, pass the new -no-legacy-libc option to the xc32-gcc at both compile and link times. The linker also places the value of the entry-point symbol after the dinit template's NULL terminator. See the XC32 User's Guide for more information on the dinit template. See for a full list of devices. The status display option, xclm -status, has been updated to display additional information. During compilation you will now receive a warning when your are within 14 days of the end of your HPA subscription or demo period. The XC Network License Server is now a separate installer and is no longer included in the single-user compiler installer. This GCC update addresses a number of general compiler problem reports. It also adds several new optimization features. You can then allocate variables and functions to your region by using the new region attribute. The argument name is a quoted string containing the name of the region, address is the starting address of the region, and bytes is the size in bytes of the region. The region must be previously defined with the region pragma. This routine is called after initializing a minimum 'C' context but before data initialization. You can provide your memory-interface configuration code in this hook. This allows you to ensure that your memory interface is properly initialized before the startup code attempts to initialize your variables. The compiler can generate FPU code for either the MIPS32 or MicroMIPS Instruction Set. The default startup code enables the FPU in FR64 mode, which defines 32 64-bit floating-point general registers FPRs with all formats supported in each register. The relaxed-compliance math library is not provided for the FPU-enabled PIC32 MCUs and hence --relaxed-math option cannot be used with these devices. As always, to minimize the required context saving for an interrupt service routine ISR , avoid making a function call from the ISR. When your ISR does not call other functions, the compiler generates code for only the registers used within the ISR. This attribute causes the compiler to suppress context saving of the FPU. It also causes the compiler to disable the FPU in the ISR prologue. This means that any use of the FPU from within the ISR context would result in a general exception. This means that nested ISRs should also not use the FPU without first re-enabling the FPU in application code. If the compiler has been requested to run with optimizations that the current license activation does not allow, an error will be produced and compilation terminated when this option is used. Without this option, the compiler will fall back to either the Standard or Free optimizations if it is not activated to run with the greater optimization levels. See for a full list of devices. This feature provides an opportunity to substitute macro definitions and to include conditional blocks of code. The C preprocessor is well-known by programmers and documentation for the preprocessor is widely available. Linker preprocessor options are listed in the sections below. When linking via the xc32-gcc driver, pass these options to the linker via the -Wl option e. Macros can be used to substitute literal values into a script, such as for the origin or length of memory regions. They can also be used to select conditional blocks of code using directives such as ifdef, endif. Linker script preprocessing is enabled by default. This option can be used to disable preprocessing. Take care when selecting this option. If a linker script requires preprocessing such as for conditional blocks of text , using this option will cause a processing error. By default the result of preprocessing is a temporary file. This option can be used to save the preprocessed linker script. A filename is automatically generated based on the linker-script filename e. Native C arithmetic operations are supported. See section for more details. This library provides alternative floating-point support routines that are faster and smaller than the default math routines, but make some sacrifices in compliance. For instance, it does not do all of the infinity, overflow and NaN checking, etc. It does not return all of the detailed feedback from that checking. However, this reduced compliance is usually sufficient for most applications. Inlining will automatically be enabled at the -O1 and greater optimization levels. This mechanism replaces the hard-coded reserved memory regions in the linker script. Please refer to the MPLAB Harmony Libraries for new projects. For legacy support, these PLIB Libraries will be available for download from:. One of the many layers that MPLAB Harmony provides is a next-generation peripheral library. Because the next-generation peripheral libraries are provided with MPLAB Harmony, Microchip will move the legacy peripheral libraries from the XC32 compiler installer to a separate package available for download from the Microchip website. This transition will take place in a future XC32 release. The compiler and linker work together to treat the OFF nnn Special Function Registers as initialized data so that they are initialized at startup. This means that there is no need for application code to initialize the OFF nnn SFRs. This also means that it is often more efficient to place the ISR within the vector table rather than using a dispatch function. This eliminates the dependency on two files elf32pic32mx. Please note that an essential addition is an output section to populate the PIC32MZ interrupt vector table. For backwards compatibility reasons, the PIC32MX devices will continue to use the two-file linker script, but a single-file linker script is available for customization purposes. That is, the dual-file script will be the default, but the single-file script will be available. You can then take the single-file script, customize it, and add it to your project. You can now use the micromips function attribute to compile the function for the microMIPS compressed mode. This compressed ISA generally results in a ~30% reduction in overall application code size at the expense of ~2% in performance. The microcontroller can switch between the MIPS32 and microMIPS modes on a function call. Consult your device datasheet to determine if your target device supports the microMIPS ISA. However, when calling a MIPS32 library function from a microMIPS function, the compiler may generate a compressed jals instruction to call the library function. The device-specific linker script creates a table of TLB initialization values that the startup code then uses to initialize the TLB at startup. Using the -mmicromips option and the micromips attribute ensures that your startup code and ISR code are compiled for the microMIPS ISA when the BOOTISA configuration bit is set to micromips. Likewise, be sure that you link with the MIPS32 startup code and that your ISRs are not micromips attributed when the BOOTISA bit is set to MIPS32. Likewise, the linker-allocated heap and stack are allocated to the KSEG0 region. The SCOUNT and POS bits of the DSP control register are global. The WRDSP, EXTPDP, EXTPDPV and MTHLIP instructions modify the SCOUNT and POS bits. During optimization, the compiler will not delete these instructions and it will not delete calls to functions containing these instructions. At present, XC32 provides support only for operations on 32-bit vectors. The vector type associated with 8-bit integer data is usually called v4i8, the vector type associated with Q7 is usually called v4q7, the vector type associated with 16-bit integer data is usually called v2i16, and the vector type associated with Q15 is usually called v2q15. For example, the code above will set the lowest byte of a to 1. Note: Q7, Q15 and Q31 values must be initialized with their integer representation. As shown in this example, the integer representation of a Q7 value can be obtained by multiplying the fractional value by 0x1. The equivalent for Q15 values is to multiply by 0x1. The equivalent for Q31 values is to multiply by 0x1. The table below lists the v4i8 and v2q15 operations for which hardware support exists. C code PIC32 DSP instruction a + b addu. Also, some built-in functions prefer or require immediate numbers as parameters, because the corresponding DSP instructions accept both immediate numbers and register operands, or accept immediate numbers only. The immediate parameters are listed as follows. The following built-in functions map directly to a particular DSP instruction. Please refer to the family reference manual for a description of the DSP operation. This GCC update addresses a number of general compiler. It also generates more efficient code than earlier XC32 releases based on GCC v4. This feature is expected to improve both execution speed and code size for many applications. This option is disabled by default. With this model, the compiler generates more efficient code for many applications. This option is disabled by default. To use this option, pass the -mno-default-isr-vectors option when calling xc32-gcc for linking. This can be useful for applications that use the unused vector space for other purposes. Use this builtin function when debugging using the MPLAB REAL ICE, MPLAB ICD3, or MPLAB X simulator for generated MIPS32r2 code. You should disable calls to this builtin function when you are not debugging. See the example below. See for a full list of devices. The default interrupt handler is supplied by the libpic32. The keep attribute will prevent the linker from removing the function with --gc-sections, even if it is unused. See the linker user's guide for more information on section garbage collection using the --gc-sections option. Arguments can either be numbers or strings. Numbers are assumed to be an optimization level. Strings that begin with O are assumed to be an optimization option. This feature can be used for instance to have frequently executed functions compiled with more aggressive optimization options that produce faster and larger code, while other functions can be called with less aggressive options. When building an application with a C++ source file. MPLAB X IDE v1. C++ support in MPLAB XC32 requires a free or PRO C++ license, which must be activated. When linking your application with the xc32-g++ driver, the linker will automatically link this Standard C++ Library. In addition, when compiling and linking an application with xc32-g++, the toolchain will link the C++ libc for seamless compatibility with the Standard C++ library. NOTE: Do not specify an MPLAB XC32 system include directory e. The xc32-gcc and xc32-g++ compilation drivers automatically select the default C libc or the C++ libc and their respective include-file directory for you. Manually adding a system include file path may disrupt this mechanism and cause the incorrect libc include files to be compiled into your project, causing a conflict between the include files and the library. Note that adding a system include path to your project properties has never been a recommended practice. Aimed at mobile users, this feature allows a floating license to go off network for a short period of time. Using this feature, you can disconnect from the network and still use your MPLAB XC compiler. See the XC License Manager User's Guide for more information. When building from MPLAB X, set an application-specifc heap size on the xc32-ld node of the project properties. Note that many C++ applications require a heap due to use of the new operator, but the minimum size is determined by the application's usage of malloc and the C++ new operator. The Free compiler provides a zero-cost toolchain, while still providing a level of optimization that is suitable for many applications. PRO and standard compilers are available with workstation licenses or network-server licenses. Visit the website for more information on MPLAB XC compiler licensing. The optional literal value unused may be specified to indicate that all unused memory will be filled. If none of the location parameters are provided, all unused memory will be filled. For PIC32, the default fill width is 32 bits. Multiple fill options may be specified on the command line; The linker will always process fill options at specific locations first. The fill feature is handled by the linker, but passing the option to the xc32-gcc compilation driver will cause them to be passed to the linker. When passing the option to xc32-gcc, be sure to pass it directly to xc32-gcc rather than using a -Xlinker or -Wl option. If the object or library file cannot be found, the link will continue without error unless there are unresolved references in the application. This is useful on many Microchip demo boards such as the Explorer 16. Often times, however, you may wish to use UART1. After including the xc. The message is informational only, and is neither a compilation warning nor an error. See the comments in each file for the license text. In addition, the source code for the processor SFR definition module is released under the BSD 3-Clause License. This new base technology introduces a new optimization framework that allows for significantly improved generated code efficiency, resulting in both an improved code-size footprint and a faster execution speed. Be sure to specify the address attribute using an appropriate virtual address. A linker relocation error may indicate an out-of-range address. This attribute can be used in conjunction with a section attribute. To avoid conflict with these linker-script mapped sections, choose high addresses for your absolute-address variables. This means that the compiler may generate slightly less efficient code to access these variables. The section will be located at the specified address regardless of the memory-region ranges specified in the linker script or the actual ranges on the target device. The application code is responsible for ensuring that the address is valid for the target device. Use the space attribute to direct the compiler to allocate a variable in a specific memory space. In this release, the compiler accepts two space attributes: prog and data. Note that when combining the space attribute with the address attribute, the section will be placed at the address specified in the address attribute, but the generated code will use the specified space attribute. The application code must ensure that the combination makes sense for the application. Previous releases relied on a magic section name,. The new ramfunc attribute places the function at the highest appropriately aligned address. Note that due to ramfunc alignment and placement requirements, the address attribute should not be used with the ramfunc attribute. The presence of a ramfunc section causes the linker to emit the symbols necessary for the crt0. S startup code to initialize the bus matrix appropriately. Use a variable with the persistent attribute to store state information that will remain valid after a device reset. The persistent attribute causes the compiler to place the variable in special. Because the section is always in data space, this attribute is not compatible with the space attribute. This command can be useful when developing a bootloader. Quoted section flags are now deprecated. Note that many standard sections, previously mapped in the default built-in linker script, are now handled by the best-fit allocator. Please see the topic below for important information regarding application-specific linker scripts and startup code. Input sections which appear in the linker script are assigned to specific memory regions in the target devices. Addresses within a memory region are allocated sequentially, beginning with the lowest address and growing upwards. Step 3 is performed by a best-fit memory allocator. Input sections that do not appear in the linker script are assigned to memory regions according to their attributes. The best-fit allocator makes efficient use of any remaining memory, including gaps between output sections that may have been left by the sequential allocator. Ramfunc attributed sections are allocated by the best-fit allocator in step 3. Sections designated with the ramfunc attribute should not appear in the linker script as there are special location and alignment requirements for executable code in RAM. Absolute sections - When specifying an absolute section using either the C or assembly address attribute , the application code must take care not to use the same memory as a section mapped in the linker script. This would result in a linker error. To help avoid this situation, the default linker script no longer maps most standard sections such as the. By not mapping these sections in the linker script, we allow these sections to be allocated using the new best-fit allocator rather than the sequential allocator. Because these sections must be grouped together, they are mapped in the linker script. In previous releases, initialized data sections were sequentially allocated so a simple block copy was sufficient. However, since this release supports variables at absolute addresses, a new data-initialization template is required to initialize non-contiguous data sections. The linker places the initialization template in the. S startup code has been updated to initialize data using the new template rather than a block copy. The old startup code will not initialize data properly using this version of the language tools. Previous releases used output sections specified in the linker script to allocate the stack and heap. The linker now finds the largest available gap in memory and uses that gap for the heap and stack. The size specified for the heap is the exact size to be allocated while the size allocated for the stack is the minimum size allocated. The linker-generated memory usage report now displays these dynamically allocated stack and heap areas. Because the stack expands in size to use the entire gap, the total is not added in to the total data memory usage. Only the minimum stack size specified by the application is added to the total. This change makes the PIC32 compiler more consistent with the compiler for PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. You can restore the 64-bit double type using the -fno-short-double compiler option. Microchip is in the process of standardizing on one lib C implementation across all first-party compilers. This standardization will smooth your migration path both up and down the Microchip MCU product line, allowing you to more easily move between MCU product lines as your application requirements evolve. The compiler uses the new lib C by default. See the topic for more information. The toolchain then linked either a full function or an integer-only function as appropriate for your application. Version 2 of the smart-IO feature now differentiates between additional types of conversion specifiers. This allows the toolchain to provide a more finely tuned implementation of the formatted IO function that closely matches your application's requirements thereby resulting in in additional code-size improvements. Currently, the mechanism supports only UART1 and UART2. You may wish to extend or customize the code by adding a copy to your project. The part-support files header files, linker scripts, processor libraries for several devices have been updated. In addition, this release contains updated peripheral libraries. See the peripheral-library documentation for further details. Combine these new builtin functions with macros defined in the cp0defs. In earlier compiler releases, the p32xxxx. Therefore, when calling one of these functions from a mips16 function, the compiler must generate extra code to switch from mips16 mode back to the base mips32 mode before executing the instruction and then back to mips16 mode after executing the instruction. Move From Coprocessor 0. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. Move To Coprocessor 0. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. Move value to the CP0 register reg,sel and return the previous value. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. Return the previous value of the CP0 register. Both reg and sel must be immediate values. This platform upgrade includes a few new features and bug fixes. See the for more information. It also introduced a new default IPL behavior when the IPL specifier was omitted from the interrupt attribute. See below for more information. You may use this RIPL specifier in either the interrupt pragma or the interrupt attribute to tell the compiler to use the runtime Requested Interrupt Priority Level from the CAUSE register as the new IPL. This feature attempts to statically analyze format strings passed to printf, scanf, and the 'f' and 'v' variations of these functions. Uses of non floating-point format arguments will be converted to use an integer-only variation of the library function. For many applications, this feature can reduce program-memory usage. Refer to the device datasheet to determine if your PIC32 device supports this feature. This means that we must specify which context-saving mechanism to use for each interrupt service routine. NOTE: An incorrect IPL n value can cause incorrect nesting of interrupts, which could result in a stack overflow and eventually a bus-error exception. If you experience a bus-error exception related to an interrupt, double check that your IPL n value matches the IPL value set for the interrupt source. The interrupt context-saving code generated for this specifier has a slightly higher latency, compared to IPL nSOFT or IPL nSRS, due to the instructions required to test the SRSCTL value. Application code is responsible for applying the correct n interrupt-source priority value to the matching handler routine. This IPL specifier results in the shortest interrupt context-saving latency. However, when using IPL nSRS, you must configure the corresponding interrupt source to use a shadow register set. On some devices, the shadow register set is tied to IPL7. On other devices, the shadow register set is configurable in a device configuration register DEVCFG. Omitting the IPL specifier results in slightly larger interrupt context-saving latency. For mult-vector interrupt mode where the requested IPL value may change at runtime, use this default behavior. With the IPL specifier omitted, the compiler defaults to selecting the IPL value and shadow-register usage at runtime. The compiler places a dispatch function at the associated vector location. To reach this function, the core software interrupt flag and enable bits must be set, and the interrupt priority should be set to a level of three. The device configuration fuses must assign Shadow Register Set 1 to interrupt priority level three. The compiler generates code that assumes that register context will be saved in SRS1. The compiler generates code that determines, at runtime, whether context should be saved on the stack by software or context was already saved in a shadow register set. This helps reduce stalls when an interrupt occurs during a DIV divide instruction. This PIC32 feature allows the target application to write text or data to an MPLAB ® IDE window without halting the target device. Similarly, you may use the display window to send text or data back to the target PIC32 device. This feature requires an emulator or an debugger. This feature allows you to use the DBPRINTF and related functions and macros. This symbol is associated with the lowest address of the space reserved for the stack. These macros are intended to be used when writing code to take advantage of features available on newer devices while maintaining compatibility with older devices. See the 32-bit Language Tools Libraries document DS51685 for more information. Please visit for the revision C of this document DS51685C. The binary digits consist of the numerals '0' and '1'. Note that this binary-constant syntax may not be accepted by other C compilers. It allows you to see how much space is used by the project being linked and how much space is available on the target device. The memory-usage report appears on stdout and in the optional map file. Add the --report-mem option to the Alternate Settings field. The memory-usage report will appear in the output window after a project build. This option will appear as a checkbox in later MPLAB ® IDE releases. If you are calling the linker via the compilation driver, use the driver's -Wl option to pass the --report-mem option to the linker. The memory-usage report will appear on stdout. Note that C32 v1. However it is among the fastest while also being among the most space-conserving, portable and tunable. Consistent balance across these factors results in a good general-purpose allocator. The compiler's library now provides a weak stub implementation that allows the project link to complete without error, but you should provide your own implementation appropriate for your application. See the 32-Bit Language Tools Libraries DS51685C document for more information on these new wrapper functions. See the PIC32MX Config Settings help file for information on the setting name and available values for each device. The library is highly optimized for the PIC32 MCU instruction set. The MPLAB ® C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs does not currently support converting float or double types to Q-types. This compatibility layer makes the PIC32 DSP Library backwards compatible with the existing dsPIC DSC DSP Algorithm Library. This means that you can now more easily generate multiple dispatch functions that target a single interrupt service routine as shown in the example below. The compiler will emit a warning if it overrides the mips16 attribute or command-line default. Previous compiler releases stopped compilation with an error and required users to manually add the nomips16 attribute. The improved library provides the greatest benefit for the more complex operations, offering a greater than 5x performance improvement over the 1. In addition, single-precision math library functions are now available, giving users a choice between double- and single-precision operations. This macro can be used to construct applications that take advantage of new compiler features while still remaining backward compatible with older versions. The value is based upon the major and minor version numbers of the current release. For example, release version 1. This will place a jump at the single-vector location to the interrupt handler. The user is responsible for ensuring that the vector spacing is set to accommodate the size of the handler. Code sections from XC32 v1. Rebuild these object files and libraries with XC32 v1. This means that erroneous code that may have compiled without a compiler diagnostic message in the past may now cause a compiler diagnostic. As a result of GCC upgrade, there is a change in how duplicate members in nested anonymous structures and unions are allowed to be used. Starting from this version, the compiler will issue an error if the duplicate members in nested anonymous structures or unions are not at the same byte-offset within their respective structures or unions. To illustrate, both Example 1 and 2 below would compile without any errors in MPLAB XC32 v1. However, starting from v1. These peripheral libraries are being replaced with the MPLAB Harmony integrated firmware framework. Visit for more information on this new framework. Use the new-style IPLn AUTO SOFT SRS instead. The old-style specifier works reliably only when the device has a single shadow register set and it is assigned to IPL7, but the new specifier works for all devices. When they are removed from the compiler release, they will be available as a separate download from the Microchip website. These peripheral libraries are being replaced with the MPLAB Harmony integrated firmware framework. Specifically, the linker may not honor the keep section flag for object files built with earlier versions of the toolchain. When they are removed from the compiler release, they will be available as a separate download from the Microchip website. These peripheral libraries are being replaced with the MPLAB Harmony integrated firmware framework. The compiler will emit a warning for ipl7. Specify as 'IPL7 AUTO SOFT SRS ' instead. In this case, use IPL7SRS if your shadow register set is assigned to IPL7. Use IP7SOFT if your shadow register set is assigned to another interrupt priority level. Use IPL7AUTO to have the compiler generate code that determines the shadow register set assignment at runtime. On most PIC32MX devices, this shadow register assignment is made in the configuration bits. Consult the device datasheet for more information. The xc32-gcc and xc32-g++ compilation drivers automatically select between the default C libc and the C++ libc and their respective include-file directory for you. Manually adding a system include file path may disrupt this mechanism and cause the incorrect libc include files to be compiled into your project, causing a conflict between the include files and the library. Note that adding a system include path to your project properties has never been a recommended practice. Starting in XC32 v1. This means that this copy of the file is used as the default linker script and changes that you make to this file will have an effect on projects that rely on the default linker script. These changes primarily revolve around support for C++ initialization, including the mapping of new sections required for C++ static object construction and destruction. Starting in MPLAB XC32 v1. To query the available licenses or to activate a license, use the newer copy of the xclm executable. The older location is no longer used and, if you aren't using it for an older MPLAB XC compiler, you may remove the older copy. Update your Make files and MPLAB ® IDE projects accordingly. In MPLAB IDE v8. In MPLAB X IDE, a new MPLAB XC32 plugin will be provided with the MPLAB X IDE installer. This is different from the mechanism used with MPLAB ® C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs, which used the compilation driver to specify the peripheral lib. Other utilities also now use 'xc32-' as the program prefix. Update your Make files and MPLAB ® IDE projects accordingly. Replace references to p32xxxx. This change makes the startup code utilize boot flash more efficiently, and it is important for PIC32 devices with 4 KB of boot flash. Use that new address in your bootloader code. Change the address by either renaming the. S file and adding it to your project or by changing the linker script to map the. To prevent the address from changing in the future, you may wish to include a copy of the startup code and full linker script in your project. When adding a copy of the startup code to your project, be sure to set the project to not use the default startup code by specifying the -nostartfiles option or enabling the checkbox in the project properties. Then, adjust your custom linker script to map the. The startup code copied a single block of values from program memory to data memory. In MPLAB XC32, the linker dynamically generates a. This template is necessary since the toolchain supports absolute sections and data is no longer necessarily located in one contiguous block. The startup code interprets the data-initialization template and uses it to copy initialization values from program memory to data memory at startup. If your application uses custom startup code, be sure that it uses the new init template to initialize data. Also, there are implications to output section mapping in the linker script as described below. When the project requires the peripheral library, the linker script should use the new OPTIONAL linker-script directive to link the device-specific peripheral library. If your project uses an application-specific linker script and the peripheral library, be sure to copy these OPTIONAL directives from the appropriate XC32 v1. You will find the new linker-script procdefs. At the same time, the OPTIONAL directive means that these libraries are optional. You will receive a linker error only when your project uses a library function or variable. You will not receive an error if the library is missing and your project does not use the library. Important: Between MPLAB C32 v1. Use the MPLAB XC32 default linker scripts as a guide when creating or updating custom linker scripts for your project. This means that the. The linker will use the best-fit allocator to find an appropriate memory area for these sections. In early versions of the 'MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs', the startup code used a block copy to copy the initialization values from program memory to data memory. This meant that initialized data output sections, such as the. Because the MPLAB ® XC32 data-initialization template generated by the linker takes care of this for us, we should not map initialized data sections to program memory. Continuing to map these sections to program memory will waste a significant amount of program memory by placing values that are never used. The following example shows changes to the. To avoid conflict with these linker-script mapped sections, choose high addresses for your absolute-address variables. Previous releases relied on a block copy in the startup code that copied from the. If your project uses custom startup code and initialized data, replace the block copy in your custom startup code with initialization code utilizing the. S file installed with the compiler. This means that they should be placed at the beginning of a declaration rather than on the type. The compiler will emit a warning message if the attribute should be moved. The built-in linker script no longer maps most standard sections such as the. By not mapping these sections in the linker script, we allow these sections to be allocated using the new best-fit allocator rather than the sequential allocator. Sections that are unmapped in the linker script can flow around absolute sections whereas sections that are linker-script mapped are grouped together and allocated sequentially, potentially causing conflicts with absolute sections. To avoid conflict with these linker-script mapped sections, choose high addresses for your absolute-address variables. New debug information should be mapped to 0 in the linker script. The linker script should map the new. Do this by adding two lines to your custom linker script. In the existing linker script, find the output-section command within the SECTIONS block where the other. Add the two lines for. Use an in-circuit debugger or emulator to configure the peripheral to freeze when debugging, if required. The long double type remains 64 bits. You may also restore default double size to 64 bits by passing the -fno-short-double option to the compiler. Warning: This change means that the compiler will generate code that is not binary compatible with code generated using the 64-bit double. All object files in a project should be generated with the same double size. There are significant differences in the implementation of functions such as printf and malloc. For customers wishing to continue to use the version of lib C provided by earlier versions of MPLAB ® C32, the compiler option -legacy-libc makes this easy to manage. Be sure to pass the -legacy-libc option to pic32-gcc when both compiling and linking. In MPLAB ® IDE v8, find a checkbox for this option in the project build options, under the library selection category of the linker tab. The linker will still copy these sections into the output file, but it has to guess as to where they should be placed. The linker uses a simple heuristic to do this. It attempts to place orphan sections after non-orphan sections of the same attribute, such as code vs data, loadable vs non-loadable, etc. If there is not enough room to do this then it places at the end of the file. These indicate the start address and end address of the orphaned section respectively. Note: In previous releases, the linker allocated orphan sections at a high address, after all other sections had been allocated. This is no longer the case and applications should not rely on orphan sections being uninitialized. This section is not initialized or zeroed on startup. If your project used a custom section for this purpose, you can now utilize this new. This meant that the IPL specifier value in the interrupt attribute or interrupt pragma did not have to exactly match the actual IPL value for the interrupt source. The interrupt service routine worked correctly, even when there was a discrepancy in the IPL value. The interrupt prologue code generated by this release of the compiler uses the IPL value as specified in the interrupt attribute or interrupt pragma. An incorrect IPLn value can cause incorrect nesting of interrupts, which could result in a stack overflow and eventually a bus-error exception. If you experience a bus-error exception related to an interrupt, double check that your IPLn value matches the IPL value set for the interrupt source. Some applications may require an interrupt priority that changes at runtime. In this case, omit the IPL specifier from the interrupt attribute as shown in the examples below. In this case, convert the interrupt pragma to an interrupt attribute as described above. Use the setvbuf function to specify another buffer if your application requires a buffer of another size. Use the setvbuf function to specify another buffer if your application requires a buffer of another size. Code using the older names will fail to compile. Update your code to use the new setting names. Older versions of the compiler installer added a link to the PDF file in MPLAB ® IDE's online help. Then re-run the v1. The FFT functions now load precalculated coefficients so these setup functions are no longer required. Please visit for the revision C of the 32-bit Libraries document DS51685C. This change should not affect most applications because they should include the generic p32xxxx. If you are currently using a SYSTEMConfigXXX function, your application will automatically use the new flash-speed specification. This function allows users to selectively configure certain parameters only. The maximum transfer length is now 256 bytes, even for memory copy and CRC functions. Right now, only 256 bytes transfer size supported. These changes will be incorporated into the next full revision of the documents. Compiler documentation updates v1. Fixed-point data values contain fractional and optional integral parts. The format of fixed-point data in XC32 are as specified in the table below. The representation of unsigned types differ from their corresponding signed types due to the fact that one bit is utilized to store the sign. Signed types saturate at the most negative and positive numbers representable in the corresponding format. Unsigned types saturate at zero and the most positive number representable in the format. The default behavior of overflow on signed or unsigned types is saturation. The pragmas described in section 4. External definitions The MPLAB XC32 C compiler provides an include file, stdfix. To scan a fixed-point number via s scanf, first scan it as the appropriate float or double floating-point number, and then cast the value obtained to the desired fixed-point type. The fixed-point functions described in section 4. Fixed-point constants, with suffixes of k K and r R , as described in section 4. On MacOS, if the installer is started without superuser privilege, the installer will exit and display an informative message. On Linux, in this case, the installer will start and then fail when it attempts to write to directories for which it does not have adequate rights, displaying messages related to those access failures. If the installer is run by root, it is not necessary to use the sudo command, but the default will update root's PATH, and not the path of other users. When installing while logged in as root, a better choice is the option to update all user PATH variables, or to skip updating the PATH variable in the installer, and to update the PATH variables of users who will use the software, manually. Typically, this would result in a general exception shortly after returning from the interrupt. This issue has been fixed in XC32 v1. This issue affected the Mac OS X version of the compiler. Prior versions returned an incorrect value. Starter Kit IO Starter Kit IO now works from C++ code APPIO with MPLAB REAL ICE APPIO IO now works from C++ code when using a supported target device XC32-584 XC32 v1. This release corrects that error. XC32-582 When unrolling a loop in an interrupt service routine ISR with optimization level -O2 or greater, XC32 v1. The compiler will now preserve these registers as necessary. XC32-580 The default standard C library provided with XC32 v1. This conflict has been corrected in XC32 v1. XC32-574 In XC32 v1. This error has been fixed. XC32-491, XC32-413, XC32-407 Previous versions of XC32 did not properly recognize stdio conversion length specifiers such as l, ll, h, or L. This releases uses a different implementation of the standard C library and this problem is fixed. XC32-351 The prototypes of the 64-bit math library functions are now available in math. Earlier releases were missing prototypes for some functions such as asinl. XC32-545 The -mreserve option for PIC32MM MCUs is now fixed. This option is used by the PICkit 3, ICD3, and REAL ICE tools to reserve memory for use by the debugger. XC32-485 In earlier versions of XC32, subtracting a long double variable from a long long variable could result in an incorrect value. This issue is now fixed. XC32-311 The long-double variants of several math-library functions were missing from math. The header file has been corrected to automatically convert the double variant of each function to the 32-bit float or 64-bit long double variant of the function as appropriate. For instance, sin x may get converted to sinf x or sinl x as appropriate for the -fshort-double or -fno-short-double compiler option. Earlier releases could cause an internal compiler error. Previously, the toolchain accepted this combination, but the library does not work correctly for C++. XC32-447 The default linker scripts and startup code for the PIC32MZ devices now create 16-MB pages for the SQI and EBI memory ranges in the TLB. Previously, the code incorrectly created 32-MB pages. XC32-425 For devices that have a single shadow register set two total register sets , the startup code did not initialize the Global Pointer GP register in the shadow register set. This results in an incorrect memory access for small global-variable accesses from an Interrupt Service Routine ISR that uses the SRS context-saving mode. This usually resulted in a general exception. The default startup code now properly initializes the GP register in the shadow register set. Compilation Times The XC License manager now no longer extraneously checks for a network license server when it is not configured as network license client. XC32-401 Compiling with -save-temps now no longer causes problems for MPLAB X's source-level tracking on Windows. The generated debugging information now uses forward slashes for the directory path rather than escaped backslashes. XC32-326 In earlier releases, a when a division and mod operation are used together, the mod result can get corrupted. This release corrects the mod result. XC32-241 The linker will no longer hang when it is passed an unsupported object file. It will ignore the unsupported object file and continue linking. XC32-299 The installer should now run without error on Microsoft Windows 8. XC32-295 The compiler now provides more complete error checking on IPL specifiers for the interrupt attribute. XC32-271 In earlier releases, labels used within an absolute section could be resolved incorrectly in the assembler. This could affect internal branches within C functions attributed with the address attribute. It could also affect branches within absolute sections in assembly code. The symptom would most likely be an address exception when the label is used with a jump instruction. This issue is now resolved. XC32-264 The scanf function now handles strings containing '0' correctly. XC32-227 The address attribute can now be combined with the -O3 -fipa-cp-clone optimization level. XC32-260 The interrupt and vector pragmas were not working from within C++ code. They could cause a segmentation fault in the compiler or they could cause the ISR to not be correctly identified as an interrupt function. This issue has been resolved. Please note that the preferred method for marking a function as an ISR is the interrupt attribute rather than the pragma. XC32-217 When preprocessing a. S assembly-code file, the preprocessor could occasionally generate incorrect dependency information causing MPLAB X to require a clean before performing a re-build. This issue has been corrected for this release. XC32-199 The default C libc implementation of the malloc and calloc functions attempted to minimize calls to sbrk by allocating more memory than was originally requested. This could fail when we were nearing the maximum heap size. The legacy-libc implementation and the C++ implementation are separate and therefore are not changed for this release. XC32-157 When combining a variable in a named section with the -fdata-sections option, the compiler now appends the variable name to the section name to create a new section name. This allows the variable to participate in the linker's --gc-sections feature. XC32-149 The default C libc implementation of the malloc function always returned NULL for values greater than 64 KB regardless of the heap size. This issue has been fixed for v1. XC32-146 Linking a C32 v1. More specifically, sections intended to be placed in code could be placed into data and vice versa. It will also print a warning that the object file should be recompiled from source using XC32 v1. XC32-145 The default C libc implementation of the sscanf function now correctly parses hexadecimal numbers. The linker will now terminate and emit an error. XC32-129 Linker allocation of ramfunc input section is now much more robust. Sections with the ramfunc attribute are now grouped together and allocated sequentially at the end of data memory with the proper alignment regardless of the total ramfunc size. XC32-41 A static mips16 function that could get inlined into a mips32 function no longer causes an internal compiler error. XC32-34 A rare instruction scheduling bug related to mips16 code at -O2 and greater has been fixed. XC32-24 OPTIONAL libraries that call standard libc functions no longer cause a link error. Libraries and objects specified in the linker script are now handled before standard libraries such as libc and libm. C32-443 The bitwise-AND operator using a 64-bit long long integer no longer causes an internal compiler error. This wrapper file caused problems for the MPLAB X IDE editor preparser. C32-506: The rand function now correctly generates and returns a 32-bit number rather than a 16-bit number. C32-393: The functions strcasecmp and strncasecmp are now provided in the Standard C library. C32-504: Formatted IO functions now properly scan and merge support all of the conversion specifiers used in the project. C32-502: The assert function now prints the calling function name in addition to the file and line number. C32-345: The compiler no longer crashes when the TMP environment variable is set to an invalid directory on Windows. C32-491: The watchdog timer WDT should now clear correctly on devices when the WDT Enable config bit is set using the config pragma. MPLAB ® C32 v2. This caused the UART2 peripheral library functions to write to unimplemented locations rather than the correct Special Function Register addresses. C32-480: The malloc free function now handles a NULL pointer more gracefully. In previous releases, calling free with a NULL pointer could cause heap corruption. In addition, the malloc function now uses a smaller block size. This results in more efficient heap usage for most embedded applications. BIN32-79: The linker no longer marks the. In the MPLAB ® C32 v2. BIN32-77: The linker no longer causes a segmentation fault on projects that use the. Dynamic relocations are not yet supported. BIN32-76: The linker no longer emits symbols causing the bus matrix to be initialized when ram functions do not exist in the project. MPLAB ® C32 v2. These macros are now again available on appropriate devices. C32-391: Some errors related to smart-io version 2 are now corrected. This error has been corrected for v2. C32-390: Library functions asprintf and vasprintf should now link correctly. C32-347: The stack pointer is now always aligned to 8, even with the existence of a. This could then potentially cause stack corruption if the application later called a vararg function and passed a 64-bit wide parameter such as a long double or a long long. The default linker script provided with this release corrects this potential issue. C32-353: In the v1. This extraneous empty struct has been removed. Previously, nested interrupts with shadow register set 1 assigned to a lower priority ISR e. IPL1SRS could cause stack pointer corruption. The most common symptom of stack corruption is a general exception after returning from the ISR. Chen for reporting this issue via C32-314: The default general-exception context-saving code now allocates sufficient stack space for the number of general registers that it saves. The previous default code did not allocate sufficient space and resulted in stack corruption following a general exception. This made recovering from a general exception impossible when using the default context-saving code. C32-312: The compiler no longer generates an extraneous instruction a function epilogue for non-interrupt function where no additional stack space needs to be deallocated. Thanks to Slawek Piotrowski for reporting this issue on the Microchip. C32-300: The compiler now maintains an 8-byte alignment for the stack pointer for all functions including interrupt service routines. In prior compiler releases, when a function taking a variable number of arguments was called from an interrupt service routine and an 8-byte variable was passed as an argument, the generated code could cause a general exception. Thanks to Leon van Snippenberg of AVIX for reporting this issue. C32-298: A constant infinite loop within an IPLxAUTO interrupt service routine no longer causes an internal compiler error. C32-297: The CP0 access macros in cp0defs. These access macros now use the new CP0 builtin functions described in the section above. BIN32-44: The pic32-size utility now reports the size of COMMON section correctly as part of the bss section usage. C32-252: The SoftReset peripheral library function now works correctly on devices that do not use DMA, such as the PIC32MX320F032H. While the compiler does not use this register for standard C code, the general DSP library or the optimized math library use this register. Peripheral Library: The peripheral-library source files listed below contain fixes and improvements. See the updated peripheral-library documentation for further details. C32-179: The gmtime library function now links without error. The previous implementation treated the initial STDIN character as an ungetc pushed-back character. Previous versions of these files did not compile when building with the compiler's -ansi option. C32-147: The interrupt attribute now properly accepts an uppercase IPLx value. Earlier compiler versions could reject the uppercase IPLx with an internal error. Part-Support Update Installation Installing over XC32 v1. Libraries C++ Library When combining the -fno-short-double option with cout using floating-point values, cast the floating-point value to the 64-bit long double type. The Standard C++ library is precompiled for 32-bit short doubles. A future release of XC32 will change to use the more efficient DWARF-2 exception model. C++ Exceptions with -mips16 Currently C++ exceptions combined with the MIPS16 ISA mode e. For now, use the MIPS32 ISA mode if your application requires a C++ exception. Default C++ libc The Standard C library used by default when compiling a C++ project does not yet support the C compiler's smart IO feature. This means that projects calling printf and related libc functions will be larger than if they had been compiled and linked for C only. A workaround is to replace the macro instruction with the actual instructions. XC32-473 The assembler may stop with an assertion-failure error when compiling with -Os -mips16. Linker BIN32-58 The linker may emit an unfriendly error message when it encounters a case where it cannot switch ISA modes between mips16 and mips32 in a function call. This condition can occur when a mips32 function's final statement is a call to a mips16 function and compiler optimizations are enabled. Example: extern void bar void ; void foo void ; void foo void bar ; The file containing bar was compiled with -mips16 and the file containing foo was compiled with -O2 but not -mips16. This means that the call to bar must change ISA modes. Also, the call to bar is the last statement in the foo function. This eliminates the need for a mode switch when calling the function. In MPLAB IDE v8. This will prevent the compiler converting your 'jal' call into a 'j' branch, which cannot change ISA modes. A future release of the linker will emit a more friendly and useful error message. Libraries and Device-Support Files Position Independent Executable - atan2f The atan2f math library function is not compatible with the -mgen-pie-static option. As a workaround, select the -O2 libraries when calling these functions. Avoid using this function. XC32-437 The rint function does not return the integral value nearest to double in floating-point format. A workaround for now is to use the legacy libc. When conflicts occur, it will cause compilation errors in the Microchip-provided libraries or in the non-Microchip libraries depending on which library first defines the data type. Possible workaround: Remove conflicting definitions from source code. You are not likely to see this issue because combining -fno-short-double, which requests a 64-bit double type, with -mno-float, which disables floating-point support, is not common. Possible workaround: Remove the either the -fno-short-double or -mno-float option.

See for a full list of devices. When they are removed from the compiler release, they will be available as a separate autobus from the Microchip website. Starter Kit IO Starter Kit IO now works from C++ code APPIO with MPLAB REAL ICE APPIO IO now works from C++ code when using a supported target device XC32-584 XC32 v1. GPL located Microchip xc32 crack docs subdirectory of your install directory. The u below lists the v4i8 and v2q15 operations for which hardware support exists. Pro mode with all optimizations; - XC1. Note that adding a system include path to your project properties has never been a recommended practice. More specifically, sections intended to be placed in code could be placed into sin and vice versa. This symbol is associated with the lowest address of the space reserved for the stack.

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released November 13, 2018

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